Precision-Engineered Cryogenic Pipe Supports

72&Quot; Dia. Cryogenic Pipe Supports Designed For An Lng Facility

Precision-Engineered Cryogenic Pipe Supports

When dealing with cryogenic piping systems, thermal isolation is more than a preference, it’s a necessity. 

That’s where cold shoes come in. Cold shoes are specialized pre-insulated pipe supports designed to prevent the transfer of extreme cold from the pipe to surrounding structures. 

These supports are critical in preserving structural integrity and ensuring safe operation in cryogenic environments, withstanding temperatures as low as -300°F.

At Piping Technology & Products, we manufacture cold shoes with high-density polyurethane foam (PUF) insulation. Known for its superior thermal resistance, low weight, and adaptability, PUF is ideal for minimizing heat transfer while maintaining structural support.

Built for Extreme Conditions — and Big Pipelines

In a project for a Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) facility in Mozambique, we fabricated a series of custom-designed cryogenic pipe supports engineered for performance in high-demand applications.

Key Product Specs:

  • Pipe Diameters: 30″ to 72″
  • Support Dimensions: 45″ to 88″ high, 42-1/2″ to 85-1/2″ wide, 28″ to 33″ long
  • Insulation: 5″ to 6″ thick high-density polyurethane foam
  • Materials: Carbon steel with hot-dip galvanized finish; aluminized steel jacket for vapor barrier

Polyurethane foam insulation (PUF) was selected for its reliability under thermal stress and ability to be customized to various pipe sizes. 

Our in-house engineering and fabrication capabilities allow us to deliver high-performance supports that meet exact project specifications while minimizing installation and maintenance issues.

Designed for the LNG Industry

LNG facilities demand exceptional durability, reliable thermal performance, and insulation systems that prevent heat ingress into cryogenic pipelines. Without proper cryogenic pipe supports like cold shoes, LNG systems face a range of serious challenges:

  • Boil-Off Gas (BOG): Heat ingress can cause LNG to vaporize, leading to pressure buildup and product loss.
  • Frost and Ice Formation: External surfaces can ice over, causing structural stress and safety hazards for workers.
  • Material Embrittlement: Non-cryogenic components may crack or fail when exposed to ultra-low temperatures.
  • Increased Energy Use: Systems become less efficient, requiring more power to maintain cryogenic conditions.
  • Environmental and Safety Risks: Uninsulated lines can leak LNG vapor, potentially forming flammable gas clouds.

These issues drive up costs, introduce safety concerns, and reduce system reliability.

From small-bore lines to massive pipe systems like those in this project, our cold shoes are engineered to prevent these outcomes at LNG operating plants.

With high-density PUF insulation and heavy-duty construction, they support large-diameter lines while minimizing thermal transfer, resisting corrosion, and protecting the integrity of LNG infrastructure.

Beyond Cold Shoes: Full-Scope Support for LNG Projects

Piping Technology & Products is more than a manufacturer—we’re a project partner. In addition to cold shoes, we offer a comprehensive suite of products commonly used in LNG and other cryogenic applications:

FAQ: Sweco Fab Inc

Frequently Asked Questions

This decision would be made by a pigging services company during the design process. Technical data and financial impacts would have to be analyzed prior to choosing whether or not a pig launcher and receiver should be combined. We fabricate the products according to the specifications provided to us after the analysis is complete.

Asme Pig Launcher

Pig Launchers and Receivers

We design the davits and have developed a standard design for ones that are generally 12”-24” in size. We design each davit per requirement for sizes above 24”.

Tee Type Strainers Type C Elevation With Blind Flange Davit Assembly Optional

Standard Design Part C
Elevation with blind flange. Davit Assembly
(optional)

Normally, we only use ASME Codes to evaluate reduction of thickness in pressure vessels.

Pic 003

Pressure Vessel (Process Feed Tank)

A major barrel is bigger than the normal piping in the system to make it easier to insert the pig and launch and receive it. The minor barrel has the same inside diameter as the main pipeline and is used to clean the pipes.

Asme Code Pig Launchers And Receivers With Integral Safety Locking System 5244623911 O

Pig Launchers and Receivers with Safety Locking System
( 675 psig at 200°F)

Hydro-test pressure and holding times vary for different design codes. For example, the ASME SEC VIII Div.1 general hydro-test pressure will be1.3 x design pressure (minor factors may vary for this equation as well) and for piping design codes, the hydro-test pressure will be ASME B31.4,B31.8 1.5 x design pressure.

Hydro Test Pressurized

Bellows of an expansion joint going through a hydro-test pressure.

A davit (particularly for man ways) is a mechanically designed hinged guide and support system that helps ease the opening and closing of large and heavy blind flanges. This assembly can be designed for horizontal and vertical applications.

Y Strainers

B Standard Design Type
Elevation with Davit Assembly

A spectacle blind consists of a blind and spacer. The blind is installed in between flanges to securely shutdown pipeline during leakage or maintenance. When a blind is not required, a spacer can be installed in between flanges to continue regular operating conditions.

Spectacle Blinds

Spectacle Blinds

The flow rate is the amount of liquid passing through a particular area over a period of time. It is generally measured in gallons per a minute or cubic feet per meter.

Asme Flange Orfice Plates

Orifice Plates

The small hole on orifice plates restricts flow which causes the pressure to drop. The pressure can be measured using pressure gauges before and after the orifice plates which allows you to determine the flow rate using the Bernoulli’s Equation. An orifice plate is installed between orifice flanges or a metering unit.

Asme Flange Orfice Plates

Orifice Plates

An orifice plate is a device used for measuring flow rate. It is a thin plate with a hole in the middle that is usually placed in a pipe where fluid flows.

Orifice Fittings Flanges Plates 10

Orifice Plates

Media that can pass through a transition piece include air, liquid, gasses, dust, dirt, and chemicals.

Transition Piece

159″ Long x 60″ Wide Transition Piece

Duct work assemblies can include fabricated elbows, tees, straight sections of duct work, fabric or metallic expansion joints and can be rectangular or round.

26387332333 22B6D40610 Z

60″ Diameter Carbon Steel Duct Work/p>

Ducts are a series of sectioned tubes, which transfer either heated or cooled air from the furnace or air conditioner, throughout the building.

4602613194 F86009C03A O

90″ Diameter Duct Work

Dampers can be manually operated or motor-driven.

Dampers 2

Damper

Dampers (type- louvers) are essentially an assembly of plates designed to control the ventilation in duct work systems by keeping debris from traveling in them. We have fabricated Louver type dampers (butterfly, guillotine, radial vane, and diverter) in the shop for past projects.

Dampers 2

Damper

Sweco Fab, Inc., our subsidiary, holds the National Board R-Stamp which enables us to do repairs and alterations on pressure vessels, boilers, and pressure-retaining items. Sweco acquired the National Board R-stamp in 2007. The R-Stamp requires maintaining high standards in materials, systems, and procedures and is issued by the National Board of Boiler and Pressure Vessel Inspectors.

Pic 003

Pressure Vessel Manufactured by our Subsidiary, Sweco Fab

Sweco Fab, Inc., our subsidiary, holds the ASME U-Stamp which gives us the ability to manufacture and work on unfired pressure vessels. Sweco acquired the ASME U-stamp in 1962 and has maintained it through-out the regular audits. The U-Stamp represents ASME's section VIII Division 1; rules for the construction of pressure vessels. In order to obtain the U-Stamp, Sweco Fab was required to meet ASME's guidelines for the design, fabrication, inspection, and testing of Pressure Vessels. In order to maintain the U-stamp, we regularly update our designs and fabrication processes while undergoing routine examinations and inspections.

Pressure Vessel 2

Pressure Vessel Manufactured by Sweco Fab

We use CAESAR II software to conduct pipe stress analysis on duct systems.

Stainless Steel Duct Work

96″ Diameter Stainless Steel Duct Work

FAQ: Stress Analysis

Frequently Asked Questions

A term applied to calculations, which address the static and dynamic loading, resulting from the effects of gravity, temperature changes, internal pressures, fluid flow, seismic activity, and any external loads.

Stress analysis ensures the safety of piping and piping components, safety of connected equipment and supporting structure, and that piping deflections are within limits.

Welds, fittings, branch connections , and other piping components where the possibility of fatigue failure could occur.

The Stress-Intensification Factor is the ratio of the maximum stress intensity compared to the nominal stress.

The maximum shear stress theory states that failure of a piping component occurs when the maximum shear stress exceeds the shear stress at the yield point in a tensile test.

The Maximum Principle Stress Theory and Maximum Shear Stress Theory

This theory states that yielding in a piping component occurs when the magnitude of any of the three mutually perpendicular principal stresses exceeds the yield strength of the material.

Failure by general yielding, yielding at sub-elevated temperature, brittle fractures, and fatigue.

It is a visual representation of the effects of various loading conditions on a piping system between stress and strain.

Orifice Fittings Flanges Plates 10

Orifice Plates

Vibration, thermal bowing, creep, thermal fatigue, and steam/water.

Excessive flexibility causes an increase in material costs, pressure drops, and loss of pump efficiency.

Using flexible piping with bends and turns, use of expansion loops between fixed locations, or use of expansion joints between two anchor points of a pipe run.

Flexibility analysis assures that there is not any overstress or fatigue, leakage at joints or distortions are piping connections or terminals.

To produce neither excessive stress within the configuration and limit excessive end reaction at the piping terminal.

Dampers 2

Damper

Hydro-test pressureand holding times vary for different design codes. For example, the ASME SEC VIII Div.1 general hydro-test pressure will be1.3 x design pressure (minor factors may vary for this equation as well) and forpiping design codes, the hydro-test pressure will be ASME B31.4,B31.8 1.5 xdesign pressure.

Hydro Test Pressurized

Bellows of an expansion joint going through a hydro-test pressure.

FAQ: Snubbers, Sway Braces & Sway Struts

Frequently Asked Questions

A snubber is a shock absorber, it stops all movement caused by a sudden transient (emergency) load in a pipe system. A sway brace is ashock arrestor, it dampens the load and reduces the overall movement. A sway strut stops all movement and transfers it into the pipe structure.

Large Sway Brace

Large Sway Brace

The basic working principal behind a hydraulic snubber is that under slow(normal) speeds, a piston moves within a hydraulic reservoir pushing hydraulic fluid from the front to the back (or visa versa) of that reservoir. When an impulse load occurs and the piston tries to move at a high speed, a valve willclose thereby restricting or blocking the movement of the fluid within the reservoir and subsequently locking the moving piston.

Hydraulic Snubber Assemblies For A Lng Processing Facility In Peru

Hydraulic Snubber Assemblies

Piping struts,also referred to as sway struts, are devices used to restrain movement of piping in one direction while providing for movement due to thermal expansion or contraction in another direction.

Sway Strut Assemblies With Custom Designed 3-Bolt Pipe Clamps

Sway Struts with 3-Bolt Pipe Clamps

A mechanical snubber is a device that permits pipe deflection under normal operating conditions, but when subjected to an impulse load, such as an earthquake, waterhammer, etc., the snubber becomes activated and acts as a rigid restraint to restrict pipe movement as a result of the unwanted impulse loading.

A mechanical snubber uses gears and springs to produce the restraint force when activated.

Mechanical Snubbers For A Refinery

Mechanical Snubbers

Because the strut assembly consists of basically two rods joined by a structural steel member, once the strut’s overall length is established, it will not change during operation. Consequently, loads applied in either direction will be counter-balanced by the strut.

240 Inch Sway Strut For A Local Refinery

240″ Sway Strut for a Local Refinery

A pipe snubber is a device that permits pipe deflection under normal operating conditions, but when subjected to an impulse load, such as an earthquake, water hammer, etc., the snubber becomes activated and acts as a rigid restraint to restrict pipe movement as a result of the unwanted impulse loading.

Mechanical Snubber Assemblies Custom Designed For An Oil Refinery In California

Limit stops have free movement through deflection. Also a limit stop acts as a rigid support.

A snubber is activated under transient loads. The snubber is a passive element under normal conditions.

A strut is a load bearing component with limited deflection.

Restraints prevent or resist free movement in one direction.

Most hydraulic snubbers have a piston which is relatively unconstrained in motion at low displacement rates. At high displacement rates the piston “locks up” and acts as a rigid restraint.

When the velocity of the piston reaches a certain value (about 8in/min),the hydraulic valve will shut off and the entire system is locked. i.e. that isthe piston movement is arrested.

Hydraulic Snubber

Hydraulic Snubber

Pipe wake is the vibrations caused by turbulent flow in piping systems.

Custom Designed Sway Braces

Custom Designed Sway Braces

No because a variable spring hanger does not work horizontally, it must work vertically.

Variable Spring And Cro-Moly 3-Bolt Clamp Assemblies For A Power Generation Facility

Variable Spring and Cro-Moly 3-bolt Clamp Assemblies for a Power Generation Facility

The reservoir cylinder is to maintain a conservation of mass ofthe hydraulic fluid within the snubber.

Hydraulic Snubbers Designed For A Geothermal Facility

Hydraulic Snubbers Designed for a Geothermal Facility

It's a 50-50 proposition depending upon the type of deflection you are anticipating. If you are expecting dual-motion you would use sway braces in pairs.

48 Sway Braces For A Refinery Expansion Project

48 Sway Braces for a Refinery Expansion Project

A sway brace can operate in an apparent tension and compression whereas a spring is only in compression.

Custom Sway Braces With Ball Joints For A Refinery

Custom Sway Braces with Ball Joints for a Refinery

Yes, a snubber can be usedto arrest the imposed force due to safety valve blowing.

Hydraulic Snubbers Designed For A Geothermal Facility

Hydraulic Snubbers Designed for a Geothermal Facility

You would only use the snubber if it is an occasional occurrence, not if it is a continuous occurrence. If you want to lock it in place, use asway strut. If you want to dampen the impulse forces, then use a sway brace.

Hydraulic Snubber Assemblies For A Lng Processing Facility In Peru

Hydraulic Snubber Assemblies for a LNG Processing Facility in Peru

Hydraulic snubbers and mechanical snubbers can take the same loads if they are the same size snubber. It depends upon the load that each type of snubber is designed for.

Hydraulic Snubbers Designed For A Geothermal Facility

Hydraulic Snubbers Designed for a Geothermal Facility

FAQ: Slide Plates

Frequently Asked Questions

A slide plate is a component that can be fabricated from a variety of materials including PTFE, 25% glass filled, graphite, Bronzphite®, Marinite®, and stainless steel. The purpose of slide plates is to produce a low-coefficient of friction between a stationary support element and the moving pipe support component to reduce the forces generated as a result of pipe deflections during operation.

Ptfe, 25% Glass Filled Slide Plates Bonded To Stainless Steel Backing Plates

Graphite Slide Plates

A bearing plate is also referred to as a slide plate. It is a component that can be fabricated from a variety of materials including graphite, PTFE, 25% glass filled, stainless steel, and bronzphite. The purpose of slide plates is to produce a low-coefficient of friction between a stationary support element and the moving pipe support component to reduce the forces generated as a result of pipe deflections during operation.

Ptfe, 25% Glass Filled Slide Plates Bonded To Stainless Steel Backing Plates

PTFE, 25% Glass Filled Slide Plates

The PTFE is generally used as a slide plate either affixed to the supporting steel or the bottom of the pipe saddle. This PTFE component acts to provide a low coefficient of friction between the saddle and the supporting steel.

Stainless Steel Slide Plates Affixed To Bottom Of Pipe Saddle

Stainless Steel Slide Plates Affixed to Bottom of Pipe Saddle

The coefficient of friction of the glass filled slide plates is 0.06 for loads greater than 500 psi static.

135181A1 Old

25% Glass Filled Glass Slide Plate

The coefficient of friction of polish stainless steel slide plate is 0.1.

4998759345 6080A352D6

Stainless Steel Slide Plate

The reason for the use of slide plates is to reduce thecoefficient of friction between two surfaces. So to use an unpolished steelsurface, defeats the purpose of reducing the coefficient of friction.

135181A1 Old

Glass Filled Slide Plate

In general yes. The lip dimension on the slide plate is intended to isolate the PTFE pad from the outer edge of the base plate. This helps to dissipate the heat generated during the welding procedure, however, it is also recommended that a “skip” weld procedure be followed to insure that high temperatures are not seen at the PTFE pad.

Ptfe, 25% Glass Filled Slide Plates Bonded To Stainless Steel Backing Plates

PTFE, 25% Glass Filled Slide Plates Bonded to Stainless Steel Backing Plates

Yes, but it is standard forthe upper slide plate to be larger and the lower plate to be smaller which helps to keep them clean.

Yes. We do recommend stainless steel slide plates over the galvanized material for it's longevity for the offshore application.

Stainless Steel

Spectacle Blinds

You would need to use the insulation type slide plate, ie: marinite, to insulate from the heat with PTFE on top of the structureto absorb the impact load if you have any steam hammers.

Slide Plate Assemblies With 2 3/4' Marinite Blocks

Slide Plate Assemblies with 2 3/4″ Marinite Blocks

We have only seen this in applications when the upper slide plate is the same size as the lower slide plate. We recommend that the upper slide plate is larger than the lower plate in order to avoid this occurrence. As long as this bottom slide plate is not exposed, this problem is usually a non-issue.

Slide Plates

PTFE, 25% Glass Filled Slide Plates

The PTFE standard assembly is a PTFE to PTFE and10 gauge backing plate combination which as a whole is 7/16″ thick. Some customers require the 11/32″ application of PTFE and this thickness can only be achieved when you utilize a stainless steel upper slide plate element.

Ptfe, 25% Glass Filled Slide Plates Bonded To Stainless Steel Backing Plates

Orifice Plates

We would recommend that you use the PTFE, 25% Glass Filled, slide plate if it is within the recommended temperature range(up to 400 degrees)

Ptfe, 25% Glass Filled Slide Plates Bonded To Stainless Steel Backing Plates

PTFE, 25% Glass Filled Slide Plates Bonded to Stainless Steel Backing Plates

Expansion rate between the slide plate and backing plate is not taken into account because the area of the slide plate is generally not large enough to experience any of these effects.

Ptfe, 25% Glass Filled Slide Plates

PTFE, 25% Glass Filled Slide Plates/p>

Consider the bottom surface is always covered bythe top slide plate and is really never exposed to the elements. The life span should not be a consideration unless they are mechanically damaged

Ptfe Slide Plate Installed In The Field

PTFE Slide Plate Installed in the Field

PTFE slide plate material can be used in bothcombinations.

Ptfe, 25% Glass Filled, Slide Plates

PTFE, 25% Glass Filled, Slide Plates

Graphite material is recommended for temperatures higher than 400 degrees F for slide plates.

10 Feet Long Graphite Slide Plates For A Plant In Alberta

Graphite Slide Plates

FAQ: Power Plants

Frequently Asked Questions

Types of power plants include conventional and nuclear. Examples include: thermal (coal, oil, nuclear and geothermal), hydroelectric, solar, wind and wave/tidal.

FAQ: Piping Systems

Frequently Asked Questions

Stop or isolation valves include gate, globe, ball, butterfly, play and diaphragm valves are all types of stop or isolation valves.

Welds, fittings, branch connections , and other piping components where the possibility of fatigue failure could occur.

The Stress-Intensification Factor is the ratio of the maximum stress intensity compared to the nominal stress.

The maximum shear stress theory states that failure of a piping component occurs when the maximum shear stress exceeds the shear stress at the yield point in a tensile test.

The Maximum Principle Stress Theory and Maximum Shear Stress Theory

This theory states that yielding in a piping component occurs when the magnitude of any of the three mutually perpendicular principal stresses exceeds the yield strength of the material.

Failure by general yielding, yielding at sub-elevated temperature, brittle fractures, and fatigue.

Stress analysis ensures the safety of piping and piping components, safety of connected equipment and supporting structure, and that piping deflections are within limits.

A term applied to calculations, which address the static and dynamic loading, resulting from the effects of gravity, temperature changes, internal pressures, fluid flow, seismic activity, and any external loads.

It is a visual representation of the effects of various loading conditions on a piping system between stress and strain.

Vibration, thermal bowing, creep, thermal fatigue, and steam/water.

Excessive flexibility causes an increase in material costs, pressure drops, and loss of pump efficiency.

Using flexible piping with bends and turns, use of expansion loops between fixed locations, or use of expansion joints between two anchor points of a pipe run.

Flexibility analysis assures that there is not any overstress or fatigue, leakage at joints or distortions are piping connections or terminals.

To produce neither excessive stress within the configuration and limit excessive end reaction at the piping terminal.

Conventional and nuclear power plant, petroleum refinery, chemical industry, natural gas transmission, food processing and pharma industry, water and sewage plants, air conditioning and refrigeration system.

FAQ: Pipe Support Hardware

Frequently Asked Questions

A trapeze hanger is a support assembly consisting of parallel vertical rods which are suspended from a structure and connected at their lower ends by a horizontal member from which the pipe is supported. It is used for the suspension of pipe from two rods where longitudinal movement due to expansion or contraction may occur.

Pipe Saddles To Be Used In A Trapeze Hanger Assembly

Pipe Saddles to be used in a Trapeze Hanger Assembly

A PTFE bearing pad is a slide plate made up of PTFE, 25% glass filled, material that provides a low coefficient of friction for most combinations of temperature and load. For most applications, PTFE, 25% Glass Filled, is adequate when the temperature is less than 400 degrees F.

Ptfe, 25% Glass Filled Slide Plates

PTFE, 25% Glass Filled Slide Plates

A welding lug is a pipe support component consisting of a single plate of varying thickness, depending upon the load, which is welded to either a supporting structure or a supported pipe and used to join other support components together using pins.

Welding Lug Shown On A Constant Spring Support

Welding Lug Shown on a Constant Spring Support

There are a variety of ways to attach a flat plate, such as a slide plate, to a pipe includingwelding or bonding.

Shear lugs are primarily required whenever a clamping support is being loaded in the axial direction of the pipe. It should be noted that we are not relying upon the clamping force of the support to withstand the axial load, but we are relying on the shear lugs and the clamping contact to absorb the axial load.

The most common method of attaching a slide bearing plate to supporting metal structures is through welding.When this approach is used a “lip” must be built since the welding's extreme temperature may break the bond between the low-friction material and the metal plate. A 0.25 inch “lip” is adequate for most welded installations. When welding cannot be used (for safety or other reasons) to attach the slide plates, bolting is the most common substitute.

Ptfe Slide Plates Welded To Metal Pipe Saddles

PTFE Slide Plates Welded to Metal Pipe Saddles

The strength of the hanger rod is dependent upon its diameter. The smallest standard rod diameter for Piping Technology is .5 inch with a load capacity of 1,350 lb. and the largest with a 3 inch diameter and a load capacity of 60,100 lb.

Hanger Rods

More about hanger rods

A turnbuckle provides two functions in a piping system. The first function would be to provide a minimum amount of adjustment for any field inconsistencies. The second function would be to provide the minimum amount of resistance when transferring load to the remainder of the support components.

PT&P Catalog – Turnbuckle

Turnbuckle Fabricated And Forged

Turnbuckle fabricated and forged

Forged Turnbuckle
Turnbuckle

A lug plate is a component that is welded to existing structural steel members and allows another pipe support component to be pinned at that location.

A Pt&Amp;P Engineer Checking The Alignment Of The Holes On The Lug Plates

Rollers are generally utilized when axial movement at the support location would generate swing angles in excess of 4 degrees on hanger type supports or when movement is greater than approximately an inch on base type supports.

72 Inch Roller Stands For A Cooling Tower

Roller Stands for a Cooling Tower

When installing clevises, first you should disengage the pin connection of the clevis. Then align the clevis pin holes with the existing component. Place the pin through the holes of the clevis an component and place the lock in the pin.

Clevis And Pin Connected To A Rod

Clevis and Pin Connected to a Rod

U-bolts can be utilized as pipe guides when the horizontal forces are relatively small (usually 10% or less) compared with the anticipated vertical load.

U-Bolt Pipe Support Assembly

U-Bolt Pipe Support Assembly

An eye rod is a hanger rod where the lower section consists of either a formed portion (to form an “eye”) of the rod or a welded pad (to form an “eye”) with a hole to attach to bolts or pins.

240 Welded Eye Rods For An Ammonia Plant

240 PT&P Figure 110 Welded Eye Rods

A three-bolt clamp is normally used for horizontal insulated piping, which utilizes clamping bolts to attach the clamp to the pipe and a separate Load Bolt to transfer the piping weight to the remainder of the Pipe Hanger Assembly from a point outside the insulation.

66 Diameter Three Bolt Pipe Clamp 5185355515 O

Three-bolt Pipe Clamps

Saddle coverings are used with insulated pipes in order to provide protection to the insulation at points of support. Roller stands, elbow supports, and other items can be supplied in adjustable models which allow field crews to make easy installations.

See the following article for FRP Wear Pad Installation: www.pipingtech.com/technical/im/frp-pad.htm

There is 3″ ofadjustment permitted for a turnbuckle.

Billet Style Turnbuckle

Billet Style Turnbuckle

Roller hangers are used for the suspension of pipe from a single rod where horizontal movement may occur because of expansion or contraction.

Steel washer plates are components used on top of channels or angles to support pipe with rods or U-bolts.

Fig. 92: Steel Washer Plate

A bearing plate is also referred to as a slide plate. It is a component that can be fabricated from a variety of materials including graphite, PTFE, 25% glass filled, stainless steel, and bronzphite. The purpose of slide plates is to produce a low-coefficient of friction between a stationary support element and the moving pipe support component to reduce the forces generated as a result of pipe deflections during operation.

110434B1

PTFE, 25% Glass Filled Slide Plates

Yes, u-bolts can beused on insulated steam lines.

No Field Welding 5 Web

U-Bolt Assembly

All pipe support components are fabricated with a minimum factor of safety of 2.5.

At 650˚F, the clamp material is approaching its maximum temperature rating so we would recommend an alloy material above that temperature.

For offshore we have topaint the rollers or coat them in neoprene to withstand the harsh environment.

Roller

Painted Pipe Rollers

The roller support is designed to be used with rigid insulation and must be sized according to theouter diameter of the insulation.

117105A1

Eight Polyurethane Pipe Rollers for a Gas Plant

The Figure83 clevis hangers support vertical pipe, so they do not resist lateral or axial movement, but support the vertical piping and resist vertical movement of the pipe.

Clevis Hanger

Clevis Hanger

The adjustment for a clevis hanger is obtained by the threaded rod connection and the upper section of the clevis hanger. The space between the pipe’s outer surface and the top section of the clevis hanger can be utilized to adjust the overall elevation of the hanger assembly.

11 Type 1 Beam Clamps With Clevis Hanger

Galvanized Clevis Hanger

In general, hanger supports, be they rigid rod hangers, variable spring hangers or constant spring hangers, all use threaded connections between our existing structural steel component and our pipe attachment point. These threaded components are used to meet both our elevation difference and to provide some adjustment per actual site conditions. The threaded components could consist of all threaded rods, eye rods, clevises, turnbuckles, etc.

Cold Insulated Pipe Shoes For An Lng Plant
Cold Insulated Pipe Shoes for an LNG Plant
Weldless Eye Nuts And Fig. 95 Forged Steel Clevises
Weldless Eye Nuts and Fig. 95 Forged Steel Clevises

FAQ: Pipe Shoes, Guides, & Saddles

Frequently Asked Questions

A pipe saddle is a structure consisting of a saddle and integral base that is used to support the pipe by transmitting the load or forces to the adjacent structure.

78 Heavy Duty Pipe Saddles For Insulated Ductile Iron Pipelines

78″ Heavy Duty Pipe Saddles

A pipe anchor support is a rigid device that completely restricts pipe movement in all three dimensions while bearing the weight, side, and thrust loads. It is designed to prevent essentially all pipe rotation and displacement at the point of application.

Cold Insulated Pipe Anchors With Axial Stops

Cold Insulated Pipe Anchors with Axial Stops

A cold shoe refers to a support component which incorporates an insulating material that attaches directly to the pipe and also functions as a load bearing component transferring the load to a point outside of the insulating enclosure.

Cryogenic Supports With Permali Insulation For An Lng Plant In Abu Dhabi

Cryogenic Supports (Cold Shoes) with Permali Insulation

A saddle support is a support consisting of a stanchion that utilizes a curved section for cradling the pipe.

Adjustable Pipe Saddle Supports Designed For A Booster Pump Station Rehabilitation Project In Florida

Adjustable Pipe Saddle Supports

Polyurethane is a light-weight material used primarily in low-temperature applications to provide both a load bearing function and insulating function for the pipe. Some of the specific design parameters of polyurethane are as follows:

  • Temperature Range-Ambient to -300 DEG. F
  • Compressive Strength-220 PSI to 911 PSI (Dependent on Density)
  • Tensile Strength-200 PSI to 800 PSI
Cryogenic Pipe Supports Insulated With 20 Pcf High Density Polyurethane Foam

Cryogenic Pipe Supports insulated with 20 PCF High Density Polyurethane Foam

Pipe shoes are connected to a beam depending on their function whether or not they are a support, guide or anchor. In the case of a support, the shoe would rest on top of the supporting steel structure. In the case of a guide, in most instances the secondary supporting base plate/guide combination would be welded to the supporting structure and the shoe would rest upon the base. In the case of anchor supports, in most instances, the base of the shoe is welded directly to the supporting steel.

Insulated Pipe Shoe With Guides Resting On A Steel Structure

Insulated Pipe Shoe with Guides Resting on a Steel Structure

A pipe shoe is a structure consisting of a saddle and integral base that is used to support the pipe by transmitting the load or forces to the adjacent structure.

Custom Elevated Pipe Shoe-Clamp

Custom Elevated Pipe Shoe-Clamp

A pipe clamp is a pipe attachment which clamps around the pipe to connect the pipe to the remainder of a pipe hanger assembly. Pipe clamps are recommended for the suspension of cold pipe lines and may or may not be insulated.

3 Piece Pipe Clamp

3 Piece Pipe Clamp

Pipe straps are curved structures generally used to either guide or anchor a pipe and are usually attached to the surrounding structural steel components.

Straps For A Chemical Plant In Texas

Pipe Straps for a Chemical Plant

There are two options for attaching spider guides (or PTP Figure 6, Cylinder Pipe Guides) to structural steel. All spider guide assemblies are provided with a stationary outer sleeve which can be mounted to the structural steel by either bolting or welding as required.

Spider Guides For A Heat Recovery Steam Generation Plant

Spider Guides

You can utilize pipe shoes on un-insulated lines simply to support the pipe or transfer the pipe load to other support components.

Permali Cold Shoes For Carbon Steel Pipe

Permali Cold Shoes for Carbon Steel Pipe

The standard practice when supporting vertical pipe runs is to utilize a riser clamp assembly in conjunction with pipe lugs welded onto the pipe outside diameter. The load is transferred to the riser clamp bolts via rigid rod hanger assemblies, spring assemblies, etc.

Riser Clamp

Riser Clamp

Anchors prevent movement in all directions.

Anchors will restrict movement in all directions and will also restrictthe rotation of the pipe as well. In the stress analysis, we may see loads inall three directions which will tell us how “strong” the anchor device has to be.

6045667148 8F22A9159C O

Cold Shoe Anchors

In order to use pipe rollers in this application, an insulated pipe support has to manufacture as part of the roller assembly. We use a higher density insulation so that the insulation will not be crushed – 10 lb, 14 lb, 20 lb, or 32 lb, depending on the load.

Roller

Eight Polyurethane Pipe Rollers for a Gas Plant

The thickness of the insulation is based on the amount of heat transfer that you would like to reduce.

Fig. 4500 Hot Shoe Design Insulated Shoe Designs

Marinite Sections for Hot Shoes

If you have a sloped pipe shoe on the line, the bottom of the shoe must be parallel with the spring to support the load. You can slope the shoe where it comes in contact with the pipe.

09 5800 Lb. Load Type F Variable Springs

F-Type Variable Spring Support

A hot shoe is name that refers to insulated supports which cradle the pipe and are intended for operation at high temperatures exceeding 200 degrees Fahrenheit.

Pi Hotshoe

Hot Shoes

The area where the pad is to be affixed on the pipe and the inside surface of the wear pad must both be sanded first in order to create a rough surface for installation. Then an epoxy adhesive is generously applied to the inside surface of the wear pad. Make sure that the pipe surface is clean and free of all environmental debris and affix the wear pad to the pipe. Finally, add an additional amount of glue around the edges of the wear pad and apply temporary straps around the pipe and pad to tighten the contact between the pad and pipe while it is drying.

You can see instructions below:
Frp Sanding

>Preparing the FRP pad for Installation

FRP wear pads are used as corrosion protection on uninsulated pipes and can be secured to FRP pipes to provide an extra layer of pipe and thereby extend the life of the pipe. FRP wear pads also eliminate metal to metal contact between the pipe and its metal supporting structure.

Frp Pads

>FRP Wear Pads

At Piping Technology, we fabricate both FRP wear pads to be used on metallic and non-metallic pipe. We also design and fabricate pipe supports such as saddles and clamps that will be installed on FRP piping systems.

Heavy Duty Yoke U Bolt Pipe Clamps Designed For A Pipeline In Canada
Custom Heavy Duty Fig. 43 Yoke U-Bolt Pipe Clamps
Snubbers With Yoke Clamps For A Lng Plant
FRP Wear Pads

Pipe shoes are connected to a beam depending on their function whether or not they are a support, guide or anchor. In the case of a support, the shoe would rest on top of the supporting steel structure. In the case of a guide, in most instances the secondary supporting base plate/guide combination would be welded to the supporting structure and the shoe would rest upon the base. In the case of anchor supports, in most instances, the base of the shoe is welded directly to the supporting steel.

Pipe Shoes No Field Welding

Insulated Pipe Shoe with Guides Resting on a Steel Structure

We recommend that you use a non-metallic wear pad or FRP pad that is fabricated from fiberglass reinforced plastic and is secured to the pipe using an epoxy adhesive. Another option is the use of a neoprene lining on the clamp which also prevents metal to metal contact.

See Figure 182 in our Online Catalog.

Pipe Clamps 3

Pipe Clamps with Neoprene Lining

Gussets are added reinforcement plates used to strengthen the overall structure of the shoe and provide either extra load carrying capacity or added strength when the pipe shoe is used as a guide or anchor.

58 Cold Shoe Pre Insulated Anchors For An Lng Plant

Guided Pre-Insulated Pipe Anchor with Gussets

Most high temperature supports (i.e. hot shoes) do not require any type of service or maintenance. If a shoe is damaged, it would need to be completely removed from service and refurbished.

25 78 Diameter High Temperature Supports For A Rush Job 4561055395 O 1

High Temperature Supports (Hot Shoes)

Stainless steel pipe shoes, like others of similar construction but different materials, would be supported by the available surrounding structural steel elements in the piping system.

92264A1

Split T Pipe Shoes fabricated from Carbon Steel, Alloy Steel, and Stainless Steel

The primary difference between insulated supports for cold temperatures and hot temperatures lies within the insulation materials themselves. Cold supports typically utilize polyurethane foam as an insulating material, and hot pipe supports typically use combinations of calcium silicate and marinate materials.

Cold Insulated Pipe Shoes For An Lng Plant
Cold Insulated Pipe Shoes for an LNG Plant
Polyurethane Pipe Shoe
High Temperature Insulated Pipe Support

FAQ: Pipe Clamps

Frequently Asked Questions

A pipe cradle is a base mounted support with its contours that match thediameter of the supported pipe so that it can be welded directly in place.

U-Bolt Cradle Support With Neoprene Liner

U-bolt Cradle Support with Neoprene Liner

A cradle clamp support refers to a shoe type support which you do not weld directly to the pipe but rather use a bolted configuration instead of a welded configuration.

60 Bolt Cradle Supports

Cradle Supports

Riser clamps are a two point load bearing component and are usually used for vertical running pipe lines wherein shear lugs are welded to the pipe, the riser clamp top surface contacts the shear lug, and the load is transferred through the legs of the clamps to the support component such as a rigid rod, spring, etc.

Riser Clamp

Riser Clamp

The clamps are distinguished by their load rating. In some cases, gas service loads could be less than loads in liquid service for the same pipe size. This would allow you to use a light duty clamp.

It depends upon which type of hanger you are using the clamp with and the amount of movement and the distance between the pipe and the nearby structural attachment point. On a variable spring, it is designed to accommodate 4 degrees of movement as a general rule.

5526015717 Deb50907F3

G-Type Variable Spring Clamp Assembly Supporting a Pipe in the Field

Guides or axial stops aretypically used to accommodate horizontal displacement.

71 Cold Insulated Pipe Anchors With Axial Stops Jpg

Cold Insulated Pipe Anchors with Axial Stops

The Maximum Principle Stress Theory and Maximum Shear Stress Theory

71 Cold Insulated Pipe Anchors With Axial Stops Jpg

Cold Insulated Pipe Anchors with Axial Stops

Failure by general yielding, yielding at sub-elevated temperature, brittle fractures, and fatigue.

The “wings” on a riser clamp allows for lateral movement and steadying o pipe risers and also the wing length is a function of the available attach ment to our existing structural steel.

Riser Clamp For A 30 Diameter Vertical Pipe At A Power Plant

>Riser Clamp

Use the clevis when you do not need the clamp to be held in place during the movement.

123 100 C Constant Spring Supports With Double Lug Suspension And Chained Travel Stops For An Oil Refinery In Canada 1

>PTP- 8 Type C Variable Spring Assemblies with a Rod, Clevis, and Hex Nuts

Yoke clamps have higher allowable loads than a bolted clamp. Secondarily, yoke style clamps are effective in areas where the bottom part of the pipe is in close proximity to structural steel or other pipe components.

Heavy Duty Yoke U Bolt Pipe Clamps Designed For A Pipeline In Canada
Custom Heavy Duty Fig. 43 Yoke U-Bolt Pipe Clamps
Snubbers With Yoke Clamps For A Lng Plant
E-Type Constant Spring and 3-Bolt Pipe Clamp Assembly

For high temperature clamps, we recommend theuse of spring washers in order to prevent bolt relaxation.

45 Variable Spring And Cro Moly 3 Bolt Clamp Assemblies For A Power Generation Facility

Variable Spring with a High Temperature 3-Bolt Clamp

You can provide them with clamp torque values on the bolts of the clamp so as not to exceed the hoop stress of the pipe.

4563917846 Ab179E082A O

3-Bolt Pipe Clamp Installed in the Field

Using flexible piping with bends and turns, use of expansion loops between fixed locations, or use of expansion joints between two anchor points of a pipe run.

Custom Chrome Moly Three Bolt Pipe Clamps For A Power Plant

3 Bolt Carbon Steel Pipe Clamps

Pipe clamps are assembled that way so that adjacent pipes can be placed closer together.

26500 Lbs. Load Three Bolt And Riser Clamps Fd0000

Three-Bolt Pipe Clamp and Riser Clamps Capable of Supporting both Horizontal and Vertical Piping

The pipe clamps with a galvanized surface has to be ground back to avoid releasing toxic fumes.

Riser Clamp For A 30 Diameter Vertical Pipe At A Power Plant

Riser Clamp with Hot-Dipped Galvanized Finish

FAQ: Miscellaneous Fabrication

Frequently Asked Questions

Neoprene coating is generally applied to pipe support components that require flexibility such as spring coils whereas the hot dipped galvanized coating would be applied to rigid pipe support components.

Variable Spring Coils

Spring Soil with Neoprene Coating

An anchor bolt is a threaded item used to attach embed plates into concrete on structural supports.

Anchor Bolts

Anchor Bolts with Polyethylene Sleeves

Pipe spool is a section of pipe that comes in pre-fabricated lengths from the pipe fabricator.

See the following article for FRP Wear Pad Installation: www.pipingtech.com/technical/im/frp-pad.htm

Hold Down Support 1

Anchor Type Hold-Down Pipe Clamp

Usually it would show a disparity between stresses at a particular point. For example, a carbon steel element joined to a stainless steel element would show significantly different stresses over the same temperature change.

Ht Trim

Fluoroplastic Material

Embed plates are metal components which are essentially set-in foundation elements such as concrete floors, piers, etc. They provide an attachment point for welding support components in position or for the addition of sliding plate elements to permit movement along the surface of the embed plates.

Embed Plate1

Embed Plates

A pig receiver is a device that “catches” the cleaning device (“pig”) after it has passed through the pipeline.

Asme Code Pig Launchers And Receivers With Integral Safety Locking System 5244623917 O

Pig Receiver with a 24″ Dia. Minor Barrel

A pig launcher is a device which uses a pressurized container to shoot a cleaning device (“pig”) through the pipeline to perform a variety of functions including cleaning, monitoring, and maintaining of the pipe.

Asme Pig Launcher

Pig Launcher and Receiver

Pig launchers are required whenever specifications call for routine cleaning or monitoring of the interior pipe surface.

Asme Pig Launcher

Pig Launcher/Receiver for a Petroleum Pipeline

Normally valves are used to control flow in pipe line. The main two reasons for using spectacle blinds are when there is a space restriction and valves cannot be installed, and also spectacle blinds are much more economical than valves.

Asme Spectacle Blinds

Spectacle Blinds

A spool duct simply refers to a section of the pipe that is used to transfer gases in lieu of liquids.

01201A1

Engine Exhaust Spool Duct

A bellmouth reducer is a single piece component used whenever pipes transition from a large outside diameter to a smaller outside diameter.

The specific temperature at which personnel protection equipment is required would be site specific. The average temperature where protective measures would be incorporated would be about + 200 degrees Fahrenheit.

Cable mounts, also known as Primary Support Modules (Instrument Supports), utilize adjustable, high-strength cables to clamp instrument assemblies to process lines 3″ through 36″ in diameter. These Primary Modules can be used independently or together with Secondary Modules to construct a universal support package for any instrument in any position.

Instrument Supports Cable Mount

Cable Mount

FAQ: Hold-Down Clamps

Frequently Asked Questions

A typical application of hold-down supports is on compressor applications or anywhere that vertical movement must be restricted, but horizontal movement can be allowed.

42 Hold Down With Wedge Support 4685827113 O

42″ Hold Down with Wedge Support

The best way to anchor a pipe to exterior brick would be by utilizing an HD-1 anchor hold down clamp by bolting the support to the brick surface.

Holddowns

HD-1 Anchor

One method of clamping pipes to a wall would be to use the PTP HD-1 hold-down pipe support.

Hold Down Support 1

Anchor Type Hold-Down Pipe Clamp

There are numerous ways to mount a pipe to the floor including using u-bolts, hold-down pipe clamps, or pipe shoes. The most applicable of these options depends upon the use of the support whether it be as a load carrying member, guide or anchor.

Arrestor Type Hold Downp

Hold-Down Pipe Clamp

The pads that are bonded to the inside of the hold-down clamps along the radius may either be 3/32” thick PTFE, 25% glass filled slide plates or ¼” thick belting material. These pads allow for movement of the pipe within the hold-down clamp.

10 Inch Type 2 Hold Downs Ready For Shipping 5494706392 O

Hold Down Clamps with PTFE Liners

Hold-down pipe clamps are used in applications where you would like to either 1.) anchor the pipe in position or 2.) permit axial movement of the pipe. Slide plates, such as PTFE, 25% glass filled or graphite, can be incorporated into the design to reduce the friction between the pipe and clamp.

Pipe Supports Hardware Hold Down Support

Hold Down Clamp

FAQ: General Questions

Frequently Asked Questions

A 3-coat paint system consists of a primary coat, an intermediate coat, and a top coat of a color or finish typically specified by the end user.
View some of our products manufactured with a three coat paint system.


Steel Structural Supports With A 3 Coat Paint System

Steel Structural Supports with a 3-Coat Paint System

Sweco Fab, Inc., our subsidiary, holds the ASME U-Stamp which gives us the ability to manufacture and work on unfired pressure vessels. Sweco acquired the ASME U-stamp in 1962 and has maintained it through-out the regular audits. The U-Stamp represents ASME's section VIII Division 1; rules for the construction of pressure vessels. In order to obtain the U-Stamp, Sweco Fab was required to meet ASME's guidelines for the design, fabrication, inspection, and testing of Pressure Vessels. In order to maintain the U-stamp, we regularly update our designs and fabrication processes while undergoing routine examinations and inspections.

Pressure Vessel 2

Pressure Vessel Manufactured by Sweco Fab

Cold Load is the initial load setting where the spring will be set at the start of the operating cycle. Hot Load is the calculated load at your final operating condition. Movement is the distance between the hot and cold load.

Img 1543

The most common method for supporting vertical piping would be to first weld shear lugs into position, and then utilize a riser clamp which straddles the pipe. The load is then transferred by the riser clamp’s load bolts through hanger rod connections to our supporting structure.

22 Inch Diameter Riser Clamps

22″ Diameter Riser Clamps

Resting supports for piping could refer to a variety of supports that's main purpose is to support the pipe weight and is generally used where little or no pipe movement is anticipated.

Polyurethane Pipe Saddle Resting Support

Polyurethane Pipe Saddle Resting Support

FRP stands for fiberglass reinforced plastic. It Is a material that is made up of a polymer matrix reinforced with fibers. At Piping Technology, we provide FRP wear pads that are fabricated from FRP pipe. These pads are secured to pipes using an epoxy adhesive.

Frp Pads

FRP Wear Pads

Pipe trunnions could refer to a variety of supports that mainly function to support the pipe weight and generally used where little or no pipe movement is anticipated.

Insulated Trunnions For A Lng Plant

Insulated Trunnions

The centerline of the pipe is considered as the imaginary axis which runs longitudinally along the pipe through the midpoint of its diameter.

The Centerline Of The Pipe Is Shown On Fig. 48 Pipe Saddle Drawing.

The centerline of the pipe is shown on Fig. 48Pipe Saddle drawing.

Each pipe support has its own load carrying capacities depending upon its function. One must check the load limits of that particular support to determine it's full load carrying capacity.

The weight that can be supported by a pipe is dependent on numerousfactors, including the pipe diameter, pipe wall thickness, operating temperature of the piping system and the material of the pipe.

F-Type Variable Spring Supports For A Chemical Plant And Refinery In Singapore

F-Type Variable Spring Supports designed for Operating Conditions Ranging from Loads of 1,750 lbs. to 21,280 lbs.

Axial pipe restraint means that the support will incorporate some means of positively restricting the movement of the supported pipe along its longitudinal access in line with the pipe.

The objective of the burst test is to determine the ultimate pressure resistance. This test is primarily conducted on bellows. Normally, hydraulic pressure is slowly increased until failure occurs. Based on the burst test results, a safety factor is applied. This establishes the ultimate pressure rating.

Burst Testing

Burst Testing

Sag is the deflection of pipe between the supported ends.

Axial Deflection

Axial Deflection

In generalterms, a pipe support is designed to carry the pipe weight while simultaneouslypermitting deflection in vertical and/or horizontal directions. Whereas,restraints are intended to restrict movement as either a guiding element or an anchoring device.

Big Ton Spring Support Designed For A Maximum Load Of 93,000 Lb. For A Chemical Plant In Baton Rouge, Louisiana

Big Ton Spring Support

Flexible Pipe Restraints For An Oil Refinery
Flexible Pipe Restraints

When determining the required length of a u-bolt, one should provide a leg length which extends from the centerline of the pipe to end of the threaded portion, while still permitting a hexnut/locknut combination with full thread engagement.

Tpi Pipe

TPI Pipe

Permali was initially used for cryogenic pipe supports because of its insulating properties for low temperature applications along with its ability to be machined to fit pipe contours.

Pipe Supports With Permali Insulations

Pipe Supports with Permali

Permali® is a high density insulating material comprised of layers of beech wood. The total insulation thickness is obtained by bonding the individual layers. This material is primarily used in cold temperature applications ranging from ambient conditions down to -300 degrees F.

Cryogenic Supports With Permali Insulation

Cryogenic Supports with Permali Insulation

An isolation pad material isbelting material designed to absorb shock.

Isolation Pad On A Hold-Down Pipe Clamp

Isolation Pad on a Hold-Down Pipe Clamp

In general, the procedure of painting carbon steel material acts as protective coating to inhibit rust and/or any other chemical reactions in thesurrounding atmosphere.

Axial pipe movement would be defined as the movement along the centerlineaxis of the pipe system.

Travel Stop – A device which temporarily locks the movable parts of a Spring Hanger in a fixed position.  When the travel stops are installed, the static load (weight of the pipe) will be supported by the spring’s casing (instead of the spring’s coil) making it a rigid support.  This static load is then transferred to the supporting structure enabling the piping system to maintain the desired elevation difference between the pipe and supporting steel during erection and/or Hydrostatic Testing.

Liquid Natural Gas – It is light hydrocarbon gasses that are compressed into a liquid state for cheaper and more efficient transportation.

It is a plate welded to the outer arch of a pipe to restrict the sliding of the insulation assembly against the pipe wall.

The most common area in a pipe to find deformations is in the middle. This area is the farthest distance away from the supports.

FRP Wear Pads, also known as non-metallic wear pads, caneliminatemetal to metal contact and electrically isolate the piping from the pipe rack and other metal structural elements..

Fig182B

Non-Metallic Wear Pad (FRP Pad)

The additional load will distribute throughout the system if there are other springs, however, it could bottom out the constant before it distributes the load.

In terms of total cost, installing pipes above ground will be more expensive because you must consider the foundation, structural steel elements and support elements included in the project.

Our constant support hangers are designed per MSS, ANSI, and ASME standards.

Welding is the most common method of attaching the slide bearing plate to supporting metal structures. When this approach is used a “lip” must be built since the welding's extreme temperature may break the bond between the low-friction material and the metal plate. A 0.25 inch “lip” is adequate for most welded installations. When welding cannot be used (for safety or other reasons) to attach the slide plates, bolting is the most common substitute.

To compensate for pipe movement, a designer may choose from a variety of clevis hangers, roller hangers, and adjustable bands to support the pipe. These are linked to the supporting structure with rods and other hardware components. Beam attachments and other accessories are attached to the supporting structure to complete the pipe hanger assembly. All of these components must be strong enough to support the loads in the environment where they are installed.

Furnace Springs are are almost always coated with red oxide primer in order to avoid any potential hazards when exposed to high temperatures.

For Constant Support Hangers, a device attached to a movable arm of a Constant Support Hanger, used to indicate the reading on the Travel Scale in order to show the vertical pipe movement. For Variable Spring Hangers, the spring load plate which indicates the reading on the Load/Travel scale in order to show the vertical pipe movement.

Travel Stop – A device which temporarily locks the movable parts of a Spring Hanger in a fixed position.  When the travel stops are installed, the static load (weight of the pipe) will be supported by the spring’s casing (instead of the spring’s coil) making it a rigid support.  This static load is then transferred to the supporting structure enabling the piping system to maintain the desired elevation difference between the pipe and supporting steel during erection and/or Hydrostatic Testing.

Constant Springs should be replaced when there are signs of excessive corrosion or fatigue. Also, consider if there need to be modifications due to the operating conditions — especially if hindering the operation of that component.

No, the cold and hot load should be the same on the Constant Spring Supports. However, the load variation of a constant support is required by standards to be within the allowable variation of 6%.

D.N.V. is Det Norske Veritas which is a risk managing company. They have standards we meet in order for our products to be safe.

FAQ: Expansion Joints

Frequently Asked Questions

A toroidal convolution consists of a circular tube (or torus) wrapped around weld ends or pipe ends having a gap at the I.D. to permit axial stroke. A toroidal expansion joint may consist of one convolution, or multiple convolutions. This joint is also known as an Omega bellows expansion joint for it resembles the Greek letter Omega. Most toroidal bellows are hydraulically formed which requires high pressure. Others are free formed, similar to blowing up a balloon. More accurate convolution shapes may be formed into toroidal dye cavities. Since this forming pressure is high, pressure resistance is also high.”U” shaped bellows cause a bending stress due to the pressure load on the convolution side wall. This generally determines the maximum pressure, however the toroid contains only membrane stress thus determining the maximum pressure. Due to the toroidal shape, deflection is limited. With “U” shaped convolutions, more deflection can be achieved but allowable pressures are lower.

Toroidal Expansion Joint 2

Toroidal Bellow Expansion Joint

The number of expansion joints used on a pipe depends on the length of the pipe, the pressure, the temperature, and the size. Upon knowing these design conditions, we can inform you of the number of expansion joints the pipeline requires.

Using expansion joints on piping depends upon the configuration of the piping where you will place the expansion joint to absorb thermal expansion or contraction.

Expansion joints are maintenance free. They can only be tested if the expansion joint is supplied with 2-ply testable bellows using vacuum or air pressure testing.

FAQs

FAQ: Engineered Spring Supports

Frequently Asked Questions

Spring can” is the general term used to describe either variable or constant spring supports.

Custom Spring Can With Slide Plates

Custom Spring Can with Slide Plates

The “cold” setting of a variable spring support refers to the installed position and the associated load being carried by the support at that time. The “hot” setting refers to the operating position and subsequently the associated load being carried by the support at that time.

Cold Setting Indicated By The White Diamond On A Variable Spring Support

Cold Setting Indicated by the White Diamond on a Variable Spring Support

A spring hanger is a subset of either variable or constant spring supports that attach directly to structural steel components and are located above the supported member.

Custom Constant Spring Hangers And Pipe Clamps

Constant Spring Hangers

Cold Spring is intentional deformation of piping during assembly to produce a desired initial displacement and reaction. Cold spring is beneficial in that it serves to balance the magnitude of the reaction under initial and extreme displacement conditions

The cold load is shown below on this variable spring support and is indicated by the white diamond at the bottom of the pressure plate.
Cold Load Represented By White Diamond On Variable Spring

Cold Load on Variable Spring

Use this 10-point operational integrity check list when inspecting spring supports in the field:

  • Beam attachment
  • Beam attachment pin
  • Spring hanger attachment
  • Load flange movement
  • Spring coil corrosion
  • Check load indication for hot load
  • Note load deviations
  • Turnbuckle/locknuts
  • Threaded rod/weldless eye, hex nuts
  • Pipe clamp attachment pin

For more information, or assistance with accomplishing this check-list in the field, please see our field services page.

Corroded Variable Spring Support

Corroded Variable Spring Support

Variable springs always must have a difference in load between the hot and cold settings. Whereas in constant springs, the load remains consistent. Additionally, in general, constant springs can provide for a higher amount of travel. (Read More in our Technical Bulletin section)

Variable Spring Supports

Variable Spring Supports

When referring to adjusting a spring hanger, first you must define whether or not your are talking about a length adjustment or a load adjustment.When modifying the length of a spring support, you would utilize its load column to change its original length position. When adjusting the load of a variables pring hanger, you would remove the travel stops and then alter the load by modifying the position of the load column. When adjusting the load of aconstant spring hanger, you would adjust the load by changing the initial compression seen at the spring coil.

Custom Constant Spring Hangers And Pipe Clamps

Constant Spring Hangers

To check the load setting, examine the position of the bottom of the load indicator with respect to the scale on the spring’s tag. Read from the bottom of the load indicator to determine position. Next, look at the size of the spring located on the tag. Then, refer to the appropriate load and travel table (Constant Load & Travel Table or Variable Load and Travel Table) to determine the respective spring rate and the “0” load (minimum working range load). Multiply the spring rate by the position value and add that to the “0” load value.

Spring supports should always be locked when the load is removed at thatsupport location. The locking prevents the stored energy of the spring coilfrom suddenly releasing when the spring is disconnected.

We refer to our spring supports as any assembly which includes a spring(either variable or constant) that can accommodate both a pipe load and a pipemovement.

U-Type Constant Springs Custom Designed For Large Travel For An Oil Refinery

Variable Springs Constant Springs

The spring hanger must be locked because in most instances, the hydro test exceeds the installed load and without the stops, the spring coil would deflect when subjected to that higher load. Secondarily, the travel stops act to bypass the coil so that the rigid components that make up the entire assembly are subjected to that hydro test load and it is not “seen” by the spring coil.

The major point to consider while de-blocking a spring hanger would be to makesure that you are at your true cold condition which means that you can applythe correct installed load that the spring is set to.

Variable Spring Set To Cold Load Of 10,413 Lb.

Variable Spring Set to Cold Load of 10,413 lb.

The pins are removed from a spring hanger after all hydro-testing has been completed, all piping connections have been finalized, and when all starting operations have been completed in the pipe system.

See the videos below on how to remove the travel stops from a spring hanger.

Travel Stops Shown On A Variable Spring

Travel Stops Shown on a Variable Spring

For hanger type variable springs types, a, b, c, d, e, and g, you can utilize the minimum loaded length value (x in the PT&P catalog) and add to that a value equal to your cold load minus the minimum cold load (top red line of the springchart) divided by the spring rate. For f type variable springs, the loadedlength can be set at any height between the minimum and maximum values referenced in the catalog regardless of the initial cold load. The only caveat would be that when dealing with downward movement, one should always ensure that the installed height is large enough to accommodate that downward movementwithout interfering with the spring housing (or the b dimension as referencedin the catalog).

Various Variable Support Assemblies For A Power Generation Facility

Various Spring Support Assemblies

The tension on a spring hanger is adjusted by turning the load column.Increasing the load seen at the spring would be accomplished by tightening(turning clockwise) the load column at the connecting rod. Conversely, loosening (turning counter clockwise) the load column would cause the spring load to decrease.

Variable Spring And Cro-Moly 3-Bolt Clamp Assemblies For A Power Generation Facility

Variable Spring and Clamp

In order to remove a spring support, first you must ensure that the spring is at its designed cold (installed) position. Next, re-install the travel stop(s) in the support. Then, provide adequate temporary support for the piping system. Once you have adequate support, you can release the load from the spring. Finally, remove the spring support from the piping system.

Variable Spring Support With Travel Stops In Place

Variable Spring Support with Travel Stops in Place

The maximum load that a standard variable spring can support is 50,000 lbs. The maximum load that a standard constant spring can support is 90,000 lbs. A big ton spring support can be be used for loads greater than these standards.

Constant Spring Designed For A 35, 144 Lb. Load

Constant Spring Designed for a 35, 144 lb. Load

The support rods are generally used to attach the spring to the stationary support member or structural steel and to transfer the load from the pipe onto the spring. Rods are generally utilized because they can be readily modified to fit existing site conditions.

Variable Spring And Rod Assemblies

Variable Spring and Rod Assemblies

Yes. The maximum allowable movement for constant spring hangers per MSSstandard is + or – 4 degree swing angle which would be associated with thelateral movement.

Constant Spring Hanger Pipe Supports

Constant Spring Hanger Pipe Supports

Red, White and Blue Marks:

All constants are shipped with at least 3 color-coded rivets (red, white and blue).
Red: operating (HOT) position
White: installation (COLD) position
Blue: over travel (MAX AVAILABLE) position

Below are sketches of one direction vertical travel:

Installation Maintenance Rivets One Direction
Below is a sketch of dual direction vertical travel:

Rivets Two Directions

Resilient springs provide variable lifting force during pipe deflection.

Constant Effort provides constant lifting force while permitting deflection

We offer seven different configurations for Variable Spring Supports (Type A, B, C, D, E, F, G). Click here for an in-depth explanation of each configuration.

Variablesupports P12

Diagram of each Variable Support Type

The additional load will distribute throughout the system if there are other springs, however, it could bottom out the constant before it distributes the load.

A temperature change would mean a change in movement, which may or may not need a new spring hanger. If the travel does not take the spring out of its operating range, then you would not have to change anything. However, if it does, then the spring will need to be replaced.

To compensate for pipe movement, a designer may choose from a variety of clevis hangers, roller hangers, and adjustable bands to support the pipe. These are linked to the supporting structure with rods and other hardware components. Beam attachments and other accessories are attached to the supporting structure to complete the pipe hanger assembly. All of these components must be strong enough to support the loads in the environment where they are installed.

Furnace Springs are are almost always coated with red oxide primer in order to avoid any potential hazards when exposed to high temperatures.

Furnace springs operate in much the same way as other variable spring supports. They are designed to support the pipe or tubes that are subjected to vertical thermal movement. The design changes are necessary because furnace springs are exposed to extreme temperatures. Standard springs are usually hot dipped galvanized, which, when exposed to high temperatures, tends to melt the zinc coating. The molten zinc can then cause damage to the surrounding pipe and equipment.

08 Furnace Spring Assemblies Up To 13000 Lbs. For A Chemical Refinery

Furnace Spring Assemblies up to 13,000 lbs. for a Chemical Refinery

Putting two springs in a series makes a longer spring and reduces the spring rate by a function of how much longer the overall coil is made, whereas putting them in parallel does not change the spring rate but increases the load capacity.

When designing a spring hanger, you want to consider the following:

1.) Where will the hangers be located?
2.) Calculate the hanger loads due to the piping weight
3.) Calculate the thermal movement of the piping at each hanger location
4.) Select your appropriate spring element / hanger type
5.) Check for any clearances around the structure and support. You want to make sure that there is enough space to fit your configuration.

Have questions regarding our products or need a quote? Contact our product specialist

A Constant Spring Hanger allows for large thermal movements, with standard designs up to 14” and custom designs 36” or greater.

The only way to reduce the amount of force the spring is pushing back with is to reduce the amount of spring deflection.

Variable Spring Support

Base Type Variable Spring Support

No, one rod goes all the way through the can and attaches on the top.

8090557922 9Ef3B5B1Ec

200 E Type Horizontal Constant Spring Supports

You use multiple springs in a pipe system to accommodate more travel. When you stack multiple springs in a series, it provides a softer spring rate.

Pipe Support Movement 1

Chart Showing How Much Movement Each Variable Type Can Take

SPRING SUPPORT SIZING & PIPE STRESS ANALYSIS

Spring Supports sizing is determined by a Pipe Stress Model which assesses the thermal growth and associated stress on the piping, nozzles, etc.  The Pipe Stress model determines how the piping can be designed to move and avoid placing under stress on the nozzles to equipment and the piping itself. Having started as a Pipe Stress Engineering company, PT&P has deep experience in Pipe Stress Analysis.  We can quote directly from the stress analysis. Beyond the Pipe Stress analysis, we will need elevation, attachment type, and any space constraints. Another issue that comes up from many customers is the need to replace spring supports for which the load information has been lost.  For these situations, PT&P has the following solutions:

– Estimate the load based on the pipe and media specification and estimate movement from existing spring support
– Weigh the Piping to determine the load and estimate movement from existing spring support
– Perform a Pipe Stress Analysis to determine exact load and movement.  To perform a Pipe Stress Analysis, PT&P will need Isometrics and overall specifications for the line.  PT&P is almost always very cost-effective for Pipe Stress Analysis.* If drawings are unattainable or you don’t have access to the ISO drawings, we can perform Laser Scanning on the piping system and generate the drawings.

Trapeze Roller Hangers for a Food Processing Facility

Trapeze Roller Hangers For A Food Processing Facility

Type: Trapeze Roller Hangers
Size: 2-5/8″ to 16-3/8″ L x 4″ to 16″ Dia. | 600 to 3,970 lb. Load
Material: Cast Iron
Testing: Standard quality control inspections

Piping Technology & Products designed these trapeze roller hangers for a food processing facility in Kentucky. Rollers are typically employed when axial movement at the support location results in swing angles exceeding 4 degrees.

The rollers are available in lengths ranging from 2-5/8″ to 16-3/8″ for pipe diameters between 4″ and 16″. Constructed with cast iron rolls and sockets along with steel roll rods, they ensure durability and adaptability for a range of applications.

The rollers are oriented horizontally for the suspension of pipes using two all threaded vertical rods and hex nuts for vertical adjustments, effectively accommodating longitudinal movement caused by thermal expansion or contraction. They are designed for load ratings ranging from 600 to 3,970 lbs.

Standard quality control inspections were conducted prior to shipment to ensure compliance with industry standards. Similar applications by Piping Technology & Products include:

  • Wastewater facilities
  • Food Service
  • Bridges
  • Cooling Towers
  • Refineries
  • Gas Plants

In addition to standard rollers, we offer machinable rollers made from specialized non-metallic materials, such as polyurethane and polyurethane foam. These materials can be custom-contoured to meet unique project specifications using our in-house manufacturing capabilities.

For larger roller assemblies, Piping Technology & Products provides complete customization options, including finite element analysis (FEA) to ensure the design meets the exact requirements of your piping system. Whether you need standard or customized solutions, our team is equipped to deliver quality products tailored to your application.

PT&P REF. ORIGINAL POST 04242017

Custom Designed Upthrust Constant Spring Supports

Custom Designed Upthrust Constant Spring Supports

PT&P designed Fig. PTP 200-U upthrust constant spring supports modified to accommodate an increased installed height. PT&P fabricated these constant assemblies from A36 carbon steel. They were designed for temperatures up to 185°F, and a load of 15,737 lb. The constants are capable of a downward total travel of 2″ and are 61″ L x 25″ W x 39″ H. Standard load and travel tests were conducted prior to shipment.

When it comes to supporting piping and related components that experience significant vertical movement, constant spring supports are the go-to solution. These specialized supports are designed to keep the load consistent throughout the full range of movement, eliminating any significant deviations. But what makes them indispensable for industrial applications? Let’s break it down.

What Are Constant Spring Supports?

Constant springs maintain a steady supporting force as pipes expand and contract due to temperature changes. They come in horizontal or vertical designs and can be customized to handle various loads, movements, and configurations. Their ability to adapt to dynamic conditions ensures the integrity and efficiency of piping systems across diverse industries.

Key Benefits of Constant Spring Supports

  1. Manage Pipe Movement: Handle changes in pipe position caused by temperature fluctuations.
  2. Maintain Alignment: Prevent misalignment, ensuring pipes stay in proper positions.
  3. Reduce Thermal Stress: Minimize stress caused by thermal expansion and contraction.
  4. Adapt to Variable Loads: Provide reliable support in changing conditions.
  5. Versatility: Perfect for both high-temperature and cryogenic systems.

Constant spring supports find their way into a wide range of applications, including:

  • Piping Systems: Essential in refineries, power plants, and chemical processing facilities.
  • HVAC Systems: Support ducts in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems.
  • Steam Systems: Ensure proper alignment in steam piping for manufacturing and power generation.
  • Oil and Gas Pipelines: Compensate for temperature changes over long distances.
  • Process Equipment: Safeguard reactors, heat exchangers, and vessels from stress-induced damage.
  • Rotating Equipment: Reduce stress on pumps and compressors by supporting connected piping, prolonging equipment life.

Spotlight on U-Type Constant Springs

U-Type constant springs are particularly popular for their ability to provide steady support to pipelines, ducts, and other structures experiencing thermal movement. These springs play a vital role in maintaining system integrity and preventing damage across various industrial settings.

From managing thermal expansion in pipelines to safeguarding critical equipment, constant spring supports are the unsung heroes of industrial operations. Their reliability and adaptability make them an invaluable asset across countless applications.

At our Houston-based facility, we design and manufacture constant spring supports with unmatched speed and precision. Operating 24/7, we are equipped to handle both small emergency orders and large-scale production needs. Our expertise spans industries like energy, oil & gas, petrochemicals, manufacturing, and more—delivering solutions globally. Our wide range of industry expertise demonstrates our unique ability to provide solutions across the globe in every sector we serve.

PT&P REF. ORIGINAL POST 03242015

Top