200 U-Type Constants with 46″ of Travel200 U-Type Constants with 46″ of Travel
Piping Technology & Products, Inc. recently designed and manufactured 200 U-Type upthrust constants for a geothermal plant in Hawaii. The constant pictured on the left has frame dimensions of W 40″ x H 75″ x L 142″, a constant load of 9,888 lb. to 10,239 lb. and a design travel of 46″. It also utilizes rollers and PTFE, 25% glass filled slide plates to reduce the friction resulting from axial movements. All the constants in this project are composed of A36 carbon steel. Standard load testing and travel testing were conducted prior to shipment.
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Special Application Variable Springs and Constant Supports
The three pictures above show materials being crated for shipment overseas. At the top center are pallets of variable springs designed for 10” of movement and 1000 pound load. This unusual combination of requirements is satisfied by an unusually long coil. This project required 700 of these variables. At the bottom center are constant supports designed for 14” of movement with loads near 2000 pounds. This large movement, unusual for this load, requires the large arc seen in the frame of the constant body. Two hundred of these constants were required. These spring supports are painted with a shop prime.
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The disc-spring arrestors provide resistance by utilizing disc springs (sometimes referred to as Belleville® washers) stacked in a series within the assembly housing to produce a specific spring rate. By utilizing large (over 8 diameter) disc springs, very high spring rates may be obtained. The arrestors are capable of operating in both tension and compression.
The housing, end bracket, and extension pieces of the spring arrestor are made from A-36 carbon steel. The disc springs are made from ASTM A-1075 spring steel. One clamp (for design temp. of 688 degrees F.) was made from carbon steel, and two clamps (for design temp. of 1054 degrees F.) were fabricated from A-387 GR.22 Chrome-Moly steel.
The diameter of each disc spring was 9 with a thickness of 1. The overall pin-to-pin dimension for the assemblies varied, with a minimum of 35 and a maximum length of 57. The maximum length that can be accommodated is 120. The clamps were made for 18 and 30-diameter pipes.
The shock arrestor will see a maximum operating load of 43,000 lbs. The spring rate of each arrestor was designed at 40,000 lb./in. The spring arrestors are designed for a maximum displacement of 2. The arrestors were tested to verify spring rate and to confirm the operation of the pipe hanger assembly.
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The constants are made from A36 carbon steel and range in height from 4′-0 to 5′-0 and C-C dimension of 7′-0 to 8′-4. They have a load capacity of 12,000 lbs. to 18,500 lbs. and a 4-5 travel capacity. Load setting and travel testing was conducted on the constants to ensure they met the customer’s requirements.
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Variable Springs with Permanent Adjustment Travel Stops
Piping Technology & Products designed and manufactured these variable springs with permanent adjustment travel stops for a refinery in Texas.
These types of travel stops are used to allow ease of installation, provide a means for field load adjustment within the working range of the spring, and allow the springs to be “locked” easily whenever they are taken out of service for shutdowns or refurbishment of the system.
For this requisition, a total of 23 variable springs with adjustable travel stops were fabricated. The springs are made from carbon steel and the adjustment rods are made from A-325 high strength bolt material. The springs ranged in size from PTP-1-60-F to PTP-2-180-F size spring. The largest springs were set for an operating load of 12,900 lbs. and a hydrotest load of 14,000 lbs. and a maximum travel of ½. All of the springs were tested in the load cell to insure proper operation. Per the customer’s request, these springs were supplied at an expedited delivery of 3 weeks.
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58,000 lb. Load Variable Spring Assemblies for a Power Plant
Piping Technology & Products, Inc. designed and manufactured two custom-built variable spring assemblies using heavy-duty spring coils and fabricated hardware components.
Variable Spring Assemblies
The loads, as specified by the customer, were greater than the maximum operating loads for our largest (PT&P size 220) standard variable springs. In order to meet the customer’s requirements, a custom variable spring was designed and fabricated using a larger spring coil normally used only in constant spring assemblies.
The specially fabricated variable spring was 20 in diameter with a standing height of 51 and the hanging components (rod, turnbuckle, clevis) were 3 1/2 diameter pieces. The spring rate was 3232 lb./in. All the pipe hanger assembly components were made from carbon steel.
The installed (cold) load was 58,000 lbs. and the operating (hot) load was 61,700 lbs. The calculated movement from cold to hot was 1 1/8 down. The variable spring was tested in the load cell to insure proper operation and also to set the cold load to the specifications provided by the customer.
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These 42 13/16″ x 79 5/8″ constants have a double suspension and are made from A36 carbon steel. They will each hold a total of 70,000 lbs. and are designed to move 8½ in. down. Our report generating testing was conducted after the correct load was set.
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116,500 lbs. Load Big Ton Springs for a Petrochemical Plant
Piping Technology & Products, Inc. designed and manufactured 4 identical big ton springs for a petrochemical plant in Texas.
These 66 x 18 x 14.5 big ton springs are made of A-36 carbon steel and have a design suitable for temperatures up to 750°F. They have a hot load capacity of 116,500 lbs and a cold load capacity of 94,500 lbs. Load tests were performed to ensure that the springs could safely sustain the specified design load. Applicable travel was ½ downward, but design travel ranges up to 6.
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Piping Technology & Products, Inc. designed and manufactured variable spring supports for a refinery in Forney, Texas.
The spring supports are made of carbon steel and have a length by casing diameter range from 9-3/16 by 8-5/8 to 53-11/16 by 12 ¾. In order to insure the quality of the springs, compression tests were used with a load capacity of 21,500 pounds.
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Big Ton Springs Equipped with Special RollersRollers Installed On top of the Load Flanges
Piping Technology & Products, Inc. specially designed and fabricated big ton springs equipped with special rollers to accommodate moving apparatus and support piping at a refinery in India.
The specially designed big tons were made to support loads ranging from 55,000 lbs. to 114,000 lbs with no more than 5/16″ upward movement. Its composition comprises of A-36 carbon steel, built to a maximum height of 23-5/8″.
The special rollers installed on the top of the load flange, keeps the aforementioned loads moving smoothly under all kinds of conditions. To further assure their quality, each of the big ton spring assemblies underwent load testing and afterward were hot dipped galvanized to prevent against corrosion.
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