Regarding dynamic restraint devices describe the limit stops.

Limit stops have free movement through deflection. Also a limit stop acts as a rigid support.

Regarding dynamic restraint devices describe how a snubber is activated?

A snubber is activated under transient loads. The snubber is a passive element under normal conditions.

Regarding dynamic restraint devices describe the sway strut.

A strut is a load bearing component with limited deflection.

Regarding rigid supports what is the function of restraints?

Restraints prevent or resist free movement in one direction.

What happens when a snubber has a high displacement rate?

Most hydraulic snubbers have a piston which is relatively unconstrained in motion at low displacement rates. At high displacement rates the piston “locks up” and acts as a rigid restraint.

How do snubbers react to sustained loads and transient loads?

For sustained load, the snubber can move back and forth without locking.In the case of transient load, the snubber reacts and locks immediately.

140700 Lb Load Hydraulic Snubbers 5185735594 O
Hydraulic Snubber

How does the snubber lock immediately during a transient load?

When the velocity of the piston reaches a certain value (about 8in/min),the hydraulic valve will shut off and the entire system is locked. i.e. that isthe piston movement is arrested.

140700 Lb Load Hydraulic Snubbers 4602655600 O
Hydraulic Snubbers

What is the difference between a snubber, sway brace and sway strut?

A snubber is a shockabsorber, it stops all movement caused by a sudden transient (emergency) loadin a pipe system.A sway brace is ashock arrestor, it dampens the load and reduces the overall movement.A sway strut stopsall movement and transfers it into the pipe structure.

Large Sway Brace

Large Sway Brace

What is pipe wake?

Pipe wake is the vibrations caused by turbulent flow in pipingsystems.

Custom Designed Sway Braces
Custom Designed Sway Braces

Functionally, can a sway brace be replaced by a variable spring hanger, placed horizontally?

No because a variable spring hanger does not work horizontally, it must work vertically.

Variable Spring And Cro-Moly 3-Bolt Clamp Assemblies For A Power Generation Facility
Variable Spring and Cro-Moly 3-bolt Clamp Assemblies for a Power Generation Facility

What is the exact use of a reservoir cylinder in a hydraulic snubber?

The reservoir cylinder is to maintain a conservation of mass ofthe hydraulic fluid within the snubber.

Hydraulic Snubbers Designed For A Geothermal Facility
Hydraulic Snubbers Designed for a Geothermal Facility

Would sway braces typically be used in pairs or individually?

It's a 50-50 propositiondepending upon the type of deflection you are anticipating. If you areexpecting dual-motion you would use sway braces in pairs.

48 Sway Braces For A Refinery Expansion Project
48 Sway Braces for a Refinery Expansion Project

What is the difference between a sway brace and a variable spring hanger?

A sway brace can operate inan apparent tension and compression whereas a spring is only in compression.

Custom Sway Braces With Ball Joints For A Refinery
Custom Sway Braces with Ball Joints for a Refinery

Can a snubber be used to arrest the imposed force due to safety valve blowing?

Yes, a snubber can be usedto arrest the imposed force due to safety valve blowing.

Hydraulic Snubbers Designed For A Geothermal Facility
Hydraulic Snubbers Designed for a Geothermal Facility

Where slug flow may exist in a piping system, is a snubber the proper element to use to dampen the impulse forces in the piping?

You would only use the snubber if it is an occasional occurrence,not if it is a continuous occurrence. If you want to lock it in place, use asway strut. If you want to dampen the impulse forces, then use a sway brace.

Hydraulic Snubber Assemblies For A Lng Processing Facility In Peru
Hydraulic Snubber Assemblies for a LNG Processing Facility in Peru

Can a hydraulic snubber handle more load than a mechanical snubber?

Hydraulic snubbers and mechanical snubbers can take the same loads if they are the same size snubber. It depends upon the load that each type of snubber is designed for.

Hydraulic Snubbers Designed For A Geothermal Facility
Hydraulic Snubbers Designed for a Geothermal Facility

What are the advantages of using hydraulic snubbers over mechanical snubbers?

Hydraulic snubbers can beused over longer spans so there is less torque during a process upset. They arenot susceptible to dust as mechanical snubbers are. They also have a bit moreflexibility in the amount of loads that they can handle.

Hydraulic Snubber
Hydraulic Snubber Pre-set to the Midpoint of the Overall Stroke of 6″

Do hydraulic snubbers have longer strokes than mechanical snubbers?

The hydraulic snubbers do havelonger strokes by design. The maximum stroke for a mechanical snubber is6″, and the maximum stroke for hydraulic snubbers is 20″. These areour standards, of course, we can do custom snubbers for greater strokes.

Hydraulic Snubbers
Hydraulic Snubbers
Mechanical Snubbers
Mechanical Snubbers

What are hot settings, piston setting, cold settings, and pre-set of a snubber?

Hot settings are the settings at the operatingconditions. Cold settings are the settings at the installed position orstart-up. The piston setting is the location of the position within the snubber at the cold position. Pre-set can refer to the setting specified by theengineer due to the anticipated movement.

Hydraulic Snubber Pre-Set To The Midpoint Of The Overall Stroke Of 6'
Hydraulic Snubber Pre-set to the Midpoint of the Overall Stroke of 6″

If a mechanical snubber fails, can we have some locking arrangement to restrict complete imbalance and avoid major catastrophe?

We recommend that you put a sway strut in its place. That is a temporary fix until the snubber isreplaced.

Large Custom Sway Struts
Large Custom Sway Struts

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